Seasons

The Earth’s axial tilt is the result of a collision early in its history, and it causes the changes in seasonal patterns. When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it receives more direct sunlight and is warmer, while the southern hemisphere is colder. This is why the seasons are reversed in the two hemispheres.

In addition, the Earth’s elliptical orbit means that it is closest to the sun during the winter in the northern hemisphere, which is different from the common belief that it’s closest to the sun in the summer. However, the effect of the axial tilt is greater than the effect of the distance to the sun, so the tilt of the Earth’s axis remains the primary cause of seasonal changes.