Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lungs. This can lead to recurring episodes of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

The underlying cause of asthma is still not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with asthma have airways that are more sensitive to certain triggers, such as allergens (pollen, dust mites, mold), irritants (tobacco smoke, air pollution), exercise, respiratory infections, and even emotional stress. When exposed to these triggers, the airways become inflamed, swell up, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms.

Managing asthma includes both long-term control and quick-relief medications. Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, reduce airway inflammation and help prevent asthma attacks. Quick-relief medications like bronchodilators provide immediate relief by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing easier breathing.

In addition to medication, individuals with asthma are encouraged to identify and avoid their triggers whenever possible. This may involve avoiding exposure to allergens or irritants, improving indoor air quality, and developing an asthma action plan with their healthcare provider.

By effectively managing asthma, most people with the condition can lead active and fulfilling lives, with minimal impact on their daily activities. Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional are important to monitor lung function, adjust treatment as necessary, and ensure optimal asthma control.