Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the airways that carry air in and out of the lungs. It can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viral infections, with the most common culprit being the same viruses responsible for the common cold and flu. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis is a more prolonged condition often associated with smoking or long-term exposure to air pollutants.

Acute bronchitis typically presents with symptoms such as coughing, production of mucus, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. It is often self-limiting and resolves within a few days to a few weeks. Treatment primarily involves managing symptoms through rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate coughing, fever, and pain. Antibiotics are not usually prescribed for acute bronchitis unless there is suspicion of a bacterial infection.

Chronic bronchitis, however, is a more serious condition that involves a persistent cough that lasts for at least three months in two consecutive years. It is often a result of long-term irritation or damage to the airways, primarily due to smoking or exposure to pollutants like industrial fumes and dust. Chronic bronchitis is considered a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and requires ongoing management, including quitting smoking, avoiding air pollutants, and using medication to open up the airways and reduce inflammation.

In both acute and chronic bronchitis, it is important to seek medical advice if symptoms are severe, persist for an extended period, or are accompanied by high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.