Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, known as hyperglycemia. The two main types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells and be used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin requires lifelong insulin replacement therapy through regular injections or the use of an insulin pump.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is usually developed later in life. It is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin. This leads to high blood sugar levels, as the cells cannot effectively take in glucose for energy. Type 2 diabetes can often be managed through lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight loss. In some cases, oral medications or insulin injections may be required to help control blood sugar levels.

Both types of diabetes require regular blood sugar monitoring and management to prevent complications. Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels can lead to serious long-term complications, including damage to the blood vessels, nerves, kidneys, and eyes.