HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that attacks and weakens the immune system, which is our body’s defense against diseases. When someone is infected with HIV, the virus gradually destroys their immune cells, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. If someone with HIV doesn’t receive medical treatment, their immune system can become severely damaged.

AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a condition that can develop when HIV infection progresses to an advanced stage. In people with AIDS, the immune system is severely weakened, and they become more susceptible to various infections and certain types of cancers. Without proper medical care, AIDS can be life-threatening.

HIV can be transmitted from person to person through certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It can be spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles for drug use, from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding, and through blood transfusions with contaminated blood (although this is now very rare due to careful screening).

Prevention is essential when it comes to HIV/AIDS. It’s important to practice safe sex by using condoms and getting tested regularly. Avoiding sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia is crucial as well. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but with early diagnosis and proper medical care, people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives. There are also antiretroviral medications available that can effectively manage the virus and prevent HIV from progressing to AIDS.