Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard mineral and salt deposits that can form in your kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in the body’s urinary system by filtering waste products and excess water from the blood, creating urine. Various factors, such as diet, genetics, and certain medical conditions, can contribute to the formation of kidney stones. When substances like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid become overly concentrated in the urine, they can crystallize and form solid stones. These stones can range in size and shape, causing symptoms such as severe pain in the abdomen or back, blood in urine, frequent urination, or a persistent urge to urinate. Treatment options for kidney stones may involve lifestyle changes, medications to alleviate symptoms and encourage stone passage, or medical procedures like lithotripsy (using shock waves to break up stones) or surgery in severe cases. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate management of kidney stones.