Metformin, also known by the brand name Glucophage, is an oral medication classified as a biguanide. It is widely prescribed as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood sugar levels.

The primary mechanism of action of metformin involves improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, their cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, thereby impairing the uptake of glucose from the blood. Metformin helps overcome this resistance by enhancing insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to effectively utilize glucose for energy.

Additionally, metformin suppresses glucose production by the liver. Normally, the liver releases stored glucose into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels drop. However, in people with type 2 diabetes, the liver often releases too much glucose, contributing to hyperglycemia. Metformin inhibits this excessive glucose production by suppressing certain enzymes involved in the liver’s glucose synthesis process.

Overall, metformin’s dual action of improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production helps lower blood sugar levels and improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is usually taken orally with meals, and the dosage is typically adjusted based on individual needs and response.

It’s important to note that metformin is not suitable for everyone, and its use should be determined by a healthcare professional. Adverse effects and potential drug interactions should also be considered when prescribing metformin. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and periodic assessments are typically recommended to ensure the medication’s effectiveness and manage any potential side effects.