Craters are common features on the surfaces of moons, planets, and asteroids. They are shaped by high-speed impacts from meteoroids, asteroids, or other celestial bodies that penetrate the surface of the impacted object. The impact creates an explosion-like effect that sends shockwaves through the ground and the air, causing the formation of a bowl-shaped depression. Depending on the size and velocity of the impacting object, the resulting crater can vary widely in size and morphology.

Craters can provide valuable information about the geologic history of an object, as well as the nature of the impactor and its trajectory. They can also provide insights into the composition and structure of the impacted object’s interior. The Moon is a particularly rich source of information on crater formation, as it lacks significant geological processes that can obscure or modify the craters.