Photosynthesis is a complex process in plants that involves multiple steps and special structures within their cells called chloroplasts. Chlorophyll, a pigment found in the chloroplasts, is responsible for capturing light energy from the sun. This energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar that plants use as their main source of energy.

During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through tiny pores called stomata on their leaves. They also absorb water from the soil through their roots. With the help of sunlight and the green pigment chlorophyll, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is used for energy, growth, and other plant functions, while oxygen is released back into the air as a byproduct.

Photosynthesis is not only important for plants but also for the balance of gases in the atmosphere. It helps remove carbon dioxide from the air and produces oxygen, which is essential for all living organisms to breathe. Additionally, photosynthesis forms the foundation of the food chain, as plants are the primary producers that provide energy and nutrients for other organisms, including animals and humans.