The study of fossils and paleontology involves the examination of the history of life on Earth using physical evidence. Fossils are created through natural processes such as mineralization, where the hard parts of an organism are replaced by minerals, and permineralization, where minerals seep into the pores of bones or tissue. Paleontologists use various techniques such as radiometric dating, CT scanning, and DNA analysis to learn more about the organisms and their environment. The study of fossils can also provide insights into past climatic and geological conditions.