Bones are complex structures comprising a honeycomb-like arrangement of mineralized tissue, blood vessels, and bone marrow. They are classified into two main types - compact (cortical) and cancellous (trabecular) - based on their microarchitecture. Bones are highly dynamic organs that undergo continuous remodeling in response to mechanical loads, hormonal cues, and metabolic demands. They also serve as a mineral reserve for calcium and phosphate, and as a site for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) in the bone marrow. Bone health is influenced by various factors such as genetics, nutrition, physical activity, and exposure to environmental factors such as smoking and pollutants.