Sodium is an alkali metal that has only one electron in its outer shell, which makes it highly reactive. It is an essential element for many physiological functions in the human body, including regulating blood pressure and transmitting nerve impulses. Sodium is commonly found in table salt (sodium chloride) and is added to many processed foods as a preservative and flavor enhancer. However, consuming too much sodium can lead to health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. It is important to maintain a balanced diet with appropriate amounts of sodium to support overall health and wellness.