Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various factors such as viruses, alcohol, drugs, or autoimmune disorders. However, when people mention hepatitis without specifying the cause, they usually refer to viral hepatitis.

There are five main types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water and leads to an acute infection, which typically resolves within a few weeks without causing long-term complications. Hepatitis B, C, and D are primarily spread through contact with infected blood or other body fluids, such as through sharing needles or having unprotected sex. These types of hepatitis can become chronic infections, leading to liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water and is more common in developing countries.

Preventing hepatitis involves practicing good hygiene, getting vaccinated for hepatitis A and B, using appropriate protection during sexual activities, and avoiding sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia. Testing is important, particularly for individuals at high risk of viral hepatitis, as early detection and treatment can help prevent complications.

Treatment options for viral hepatitis depend on the specific type and whether it is acute or chronic. Antiviral medications are available for chronic hepatitis B and C, with the goal of suppressing the virus and preventing liver damage. Vaccination is an essential tool in preventing hepatitis A and B infections.

In addition to viral hepatitis, the liver can be affected by other types of hepatitis, such as autoimmune hepatitis or alcoholic hepatitis. These conditions require specialized medical attention and treatment approaches. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are essential for individuals living with hepatitis to manage their condition effectively.