Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent moderate to severe headaches. The headaches are typically unilateral, pulsating, and accompanied by additional symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. In some cases, premonitory symptoms such as mood changes, food cravings, or neck stiffness can occur before the onset of a migraine attack.

The exact cause of migraines is still not fully understood. However, researchers believe that an interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of migraines. Changes in brain activity and cerebral blood flow regulation are thought to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of migraines.

Migraine triggers vary among individuals but can include stress, hormonal changes, certain foods (such as aged cheese, chocolate, or caffeine), bright lights, strong smells, and lack of sleep. Identifying and avoiding triggers can help reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines.

Treatment for migraines typically involves a combination of preventive measures and acute pain relief. Preventive medications, lifestyle modifications, and stress management techniques may be recommended to help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. During an acute attack, medications such as triptans or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can provide relief by constricting blood vessels and reducing inflammation.

It is important for individuals who experience migraines to work closely with a healthcare professional to develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and symptoms.