Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive or restricted patterns of behavior. It typically manifests in early childhood and affects individuals throughout their lives.

ASD is a complex and heterogeneous disorder, meaning that its symptoms and severity can vary greatly among individuals. Common signs of autism include challenges in social interactions and communication, such as difficulty reading social cues, maintaining eye contact, initiating or sustaining conversations, and understanding non-literal language or sarcasm. People with autism may also exhibit repetitive behaviors, intense or narrow interests, and sensory sensitivities.

The exact causes of autism are not yet fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role. Certain genes and genetic mutations have been identified as potential risk factors for autism, although no single gene can account for all cases. Environmental influences, such as prenatal complications, maternal health, and exposure to certain chemicals, are also being investigated for their contribution to the development of autism.

Early intervention and appropriate support can greatly improve the outcomes for individuals with autism. Various interventions and therapies, tailored to each individual’s needs, can help enhance social and communication skills, manage challenging behaviors, and improve overall quality of life. Additionally, increased awareness and acceptance of autism in society can foster inclusivity and support for autistic individuals to thrive in education, employment, and social settings.