The formation of galaxies is one of the most fundamental aspects of modern cosmology. Most galaxies, including our Milky Way, formed within the first billion years after the Big Bang from dense clouds of hydrogen and helium gas that had clumped together through gravity. Over time, these clumps of gas merged together, forming larger and larger structures that ultimately became fully-fledged galaxies.

The precise mechanisms by which galaxies form and evolve are still a subject of intense study and debate. However, we have established that galaxies evolve through interactions with other galaxies, leading to the formation of larger and larger structures. Additionally, the growth of galaxies is thought to be closely linked to the presence of supermassive black holes at their centers, which can control the amount of gas and dust that falls into the galaxy and ultimately determines its rate of star formation.