The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of different layers of gases that have different densities, temperatures, and chemical compositions. The layers are divided by changes in temperature, with the boundary between each layer called a “pauses.”

The lowest layer is the troposphere, which extends up to about 10 kilometers in altitude. This is where all weather occurs, and it is heated from the Earth’s surface. The stratosphere lies above the troposphere, and it contains the ozone layer that absorbs most of the sun’s harmful UV radiation.

Weather is determined by the atmosphere’s physical processes, such as convection, radiation, and advection. These processes interact with the Earth’s surface to cause temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind fluctuations, which in turn lead to the formation of different weather systems. Weather can be described by temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and wind speed and direction.