Volcanoes and geothermal activity are both results of the Earth’s internal heat and pressure. Volcanoes are created when magma rises to the surface, forming a conduit from the Earth’s mantle to the surface. The viscosity of the magma plays a big role in the type of volcanic formations that can occur, with more fluid lava creating shield volcanoes and thicker lava producing stratovolcanoes.

Geothermal activity occurs in areas where there is underground heat and water, like near tectonic plate boundaries or hotspots. This hot water and steam can be harnessed to generate electricity, and geothermal energy is an important source of renewable energy. Geothermal activity can also create unique geological features like hot springs and geysers, which are popular tourist attractions around the world. However, geothermal energy production can also have negative environmental impacts if not managed properly.