Gout is a form of arthritis that causes sudden and severe pain, redness, and swelling in the joints. It is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a substance that is usually dissolved in the blood and passes through the kidneys into the urine. However, in people with gout, the body either produces too much uric acid or does not get rid of it properly.

Excess uric acid can form needle-like crystals in the joints, most commonly in the big toe, but also in other joints such as the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. These crystals can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the characteristic symptoms of gout.

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing gout, including a diet high in purines (substances found in foods like red meat, organ meats, seafood, and sugary drinks), obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain medications.

Treatment for gout may involve medications to relieve pain and reduce inflammation during acute attacks, as well as medications to lower uric acid levels in the long term. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding purine-rich foods, limiting alcohol consumption, and staying well-hydrated can also help manage gout and prevent future attacks.