Lupus, also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body. This can cause inflammation and damage in various organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.

The exact cause of lupus is still unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. It predominantly affects women, often developing between the ages of 15 and 44.

Common symptoms of lupus include fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes (especially a butterfly-shaped rash on the face), fever, chest pain, and sensitivity to sunlight. These symptoms can come and go, making lupus a chronic and unpredictable condition.

Lupus is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and minimize organ damage. It typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, as well as lifestyle changes to support overall health.