Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Measles can also be transmitted by direct contact with infected respiratory secretions or by touching contaminated surfaces.

The initial symptoms of measles usually appear about 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. These symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, and red, watery eyes. A few days after these symptoms, a characteristic red rash erupts on the face and gradually spreads to the rest of the body. The rash typically lasts for about a week.

While most people recover from measles without complications, it can cause severe illness, especially in young children and individuals with weakened immune systems. Potential complications include pneumonia, ear infections, and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), which can lead to long-term disabilities or even death.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles. The measles vaccine is typically administered as part of the MMR vaccine, which also protects against mumps and rubella. The vaccine is highly effective and has greatly reduced the number of measles cases globally. By ensuring a high vaccination rate, we can help eliminate measles and protect vulnerable populations who cannot receive the vaccine due to medical reasons.