Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body. TB is a significant global health issue, with millions of new cases reported each year.

When a person with active TB coughs or sneezes, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. If someone nearby breathes in these droplets, they may become infected. However, not everyone who gets exposed to the bacteria will develop active TB. In most cases, the immune system is able to control and contain the infection, leading to latent tuberculosis. Latent TB means that the person has been infected but does not show symptoms and cannot transmit the disease.

Sometimes, the immune system is unable to control the infection, allowing the bacteria to multiply and cause active TB. Active TB can lead to symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and fever. It is crucial to diagnose and treat active TB promptly to prevent the spread of the disease and avoid complications.

Treatment for TB involves a combination of different antibiotics taken for several months. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure successful eradication of the bacteria and prevent the development of drug-resistant TB strains.

Prevention of TB transmission is a key public health priority. This includes measures like identifying and treating individuals with active TB, providing access to vaccines and appropriate healthcare, promoting good respiratory hygiene, and addressing social and economic factors that contribute to the spread of the disease.