Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria mainly affect the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body like the kidneys, spine, and brain.

TB is spread through the air when someone with active tuberculosis coughs, sneezes, or talks. When you breathe in the air containing the bacteria, they can settle in your lungs and start multiplying. The immune system usually fights off the bacteria, preventing the disease from developing. However, if the immune system is weak or compromised, the bacteria can overcome it and cause active TB.

People with active tuberculosis might experience symptoms such as persistent coughing, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and fever. It’s important to seek medical attention if these symptoms persist, as TB can be treated with a combination of antibiotics over several months.

Preventing the spread of tuberculosis is crucial. This can be achieved through measures like ensuring good ventilation, covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, and promptly treating individuals with active TB.