Biogeochemical cycles involve the movement of essential elements between the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of Earth’s ecosystems. These cycles include the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, and water cycle, each with its unique set of processes and feedbacks. Biogeochemical cycles are fundamental to the functioning of the biosphere, providing ecosystems with necessary nutrients, regulating the Earth’s climate, and buffering against environmental changes. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and changing land use, can alter biogeochemical cycles, leading to climate change, eutrophication, and other environmental problems.