Nutritional deficiencies and disorders refer to conditions that arise when our body does not receive an adequate amount of essential nutrients. Essential nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These nutrients play crucial roles in maintaining proper body functions and promoting good health.

Nutritional deficiencies can occur due to inadequate nutrient intake, poor absorption, increased nutrient requirements (e.g., pregnancy), or certain medical conditions. Common nutrient deficiencies include iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, and iodine.

Deficiencies of specific nutrients can give rise to various disorders. For example, iron deficiency can lead to anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which weaken bones and can lead to fractures.

Preventing nutritional deficiencies involves following a well-balanced diet that provides all the necessary nutrients. This typically includes consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy or dairy alternatives. Fortified foods and supplements can also be used to address specific deficiencies when dietary sources are insufficient. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals can help identify and address any underlying nutritional deficiencies or disorders.