The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing and secreting a range of hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The gland is divided into two main lobes: the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The hormones produced by the anterior pituitary include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. These regulate a range of functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The posterior pituitary releases hormones such as vasopressin and oxytocin, which regulate water balance, blood pressure, and reproductive functions. Dysfunction of the pituitary gland can result in various conditions, such as growth disorders, diabetes insipidus, and pituitary tumors. Treatment may involve hormone replacement therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause.